The Great awakening Essay Example for Free

The Great awakening Essay The Great Awakening as a marker for a cultural and religious upheaval did not appear immediately, but in scholastic research on religion in the eighteenth century, the time reflects the complexity of attitudes toward, and consequences of, religious activity in the African American communities. Taken in total, the landscape of Black Christian images presented a vast picture, still incompletely realized, from the earlier and persistent view of a monolithic vision accepted by many. Possibly only to save a few rationalists or extremists could see a different scenario. After his own religious conversion, Richard joined the Methodist Society, began attending classes, and evangelized his friends and neighbors. Richard and his brothers attended classes every week and meetings every other Thursday. A. M. E. leaders began to use both written biographical materials and public commemorations of Allens life to instill a sense of history and tradition among the largely illiterate masses. Their complementary use of public commemorations and written accounts of Allens life during this period suggest a more general attempt among Black leaders to bridge the overlapping worlds of morality and literacy in order to establish a sense of tradition, an empowering historical memory, and a pantheon of Black heroes who might one day gain their rightful place in the national pantheon. (Conyers, 1999) Notwithstanding its name, the AME Church was clearly the most respectable and orthodox of black American independent churches. While some recognizably African elements surfaced in services, AME leaders tended to disdain if not actively to suppress those beliefs and practices that scholars today celebrate as signs of Africas persistence in the New World. The whole point of racial vindication was to demonstrate blacks capacity to uphold recognized standards in their personal and collective lives and thereby to hasten abolition and full inclusion in American society. Surely people interested in connections between black America and Africa should look elsewhere than the AME Church. Historically, the first separate denominations to be formed by African Americans in the United States were Methodist. The early black Methodist churches, conferences, and denominations were organized by free black people in the North in response to stultifying and demeaning conditions attending membership in the white-controlled Methodist Episcopal churches. This independent church movement of black Christians was the first effective stride toward freedom by African Americans. Unlike most sectarian movements, the initial impetus for black spiritual and ecclesiastical independence was not grounded in religious doctrine or polity, but in the offensiveness of racial segregation in the churches and the alarming inconsistencies between the teachings and the expressions of the faith. It was readily apparent that the white church had become a principal instrument of the political and social policies under girding slavery and the attendant degradation of the human spirit. In all fairness, without exception, Richard Allen embodied the assertive free-black culture that was maturing in the North by the 1830s. Despite criticisms of his domineering manner and personal ambition, Allen had attained by the time of his death in 1831, a position of respect among his people that was rivaled by very few of his contemporaries.

Finance in Business :: Papers

Finance in Business For a business to be successful in the increasingly competitive business environment detailed financial plans and accounts must be drawn up and followed consistently. With so many financial demands placed on small it is vital that all cost are calculated and accounted for prior to the businesses start-up date, these costs are referred to as 'start up costs' Start Up Costs ============== Start-up costs are any payments that my business needs to make prior or opening. ==================================================================== [IMAGE] Rent of premises and equipment. [IMAGE] Wages of any employees ---------------------- Finance must be supplied for any form of ongoing advertising campaigns or sales promotion techniques. [IMAGE] Utilities - gas, water and electricity need to be supplied to my business at all times [IMAGE] Maintenance of business premises, this could also include possible expansion of the business. [IMAGE][IMAGE] Examples of Running Costs businesses are subjected to. Some Star-Up costs also apply during the general running of the business as 'running costs'. Running Costs are payments that are made once the business has started trading. I shall now calculate how much the above costs will affect my business venture. I shall calculate firstly the start-up costs and then the running costs for a sample three-month period. In order to calculate costs effectively I shall design the outlay of my shop first. Designing the layout of my shop. When I began to design the layout of my shop I considered a number of potential problems and requirements, I came to the conclusion that the three most important requirements my shop needed were - * Hygiene * Appearance * Safety By applying serious thought and consideration I aim to solve these issues and be able to design a shop that is both efficient and appealing to customers. Hygiene The layout of the equipment I require in my shop has to allow for easy

Causes of the English Civil War

Causes of The English Civil War In this assessment I will be analysing the many causes and roots of the English Civil war which broke out in 1642. The English civil war was a long chain of conflict and rivalry, which was set between two very powerful forces, who consisted of The Royalists (King Charles I, and his supporters), and the Roundheads (Parliament, and their supporters).The feud erupted on the 22nd of August 1642, and lasted for 7 years, when its final action took place in 1649. There were many reasons for this intellectual battle, including political arguments, economical arguments and also religious arguments, which will be categorised and stated in this essay. To begin with, one of the fundamental causes of The Civil War includes a religious argument, about James I’s and Charles I’s dedication to the ‘Divine Rights of Kings’.The Divine Rights of Kings was a religious doctrine, which states that a monarch is to have no authority to the will of hi s/her people, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of only God. James and Charles were both very firm, believers of The Divine Rights of Kings especially that, as to begin with James expected a great amount of attention from Parliament, by letting him make his own decisions, and did not expect any of his decisions to be argued with.However at this time, Parliament consumed a major advantage over James, as parliament contained a great amount of money, whereas James was constantly short of it. It was from his father that Charles acquired to also be a very strong devotee to the Divine Rights of Kings, as he realised the damaged relationship which was left between his father and Parliament, and blamed this action entirely on Parliament. This led to a complete ignorance with the Parliament, from Charles, and set his Godly rights to do as he pleased.But this action was considered a huge shock to Parliament, during this time, as parliament had experienced to be more powerful u nder the period of the Tudors, and anticipated current Kings and Queens to listen and abide by their commands, just like Elizabeth I had done, by being a succeeding sovereign, listening wisely to the Parliament, and standing by their rules. But the actions of Charles meant that the power of Parliament had been undertaken by the monarch, and their reputation continued to weaken. Because of this parliament now despised Charles very much. All these actions shows that TheDivine Rights of Kings is implied as a very significant reason to foundation of the civil war, as it is considered as the main reason for the start of the whole dispute and disagreement between the Royalists and Roundheads. This whole feud continued to develop, as parliament were increasingly getting more frustrated, with the fact that James I and Charles I, were acting even more foolishly upon idiotic decisions they made. An important political reason for this is that both Charles I and James I, thoughtlessly and carel essly, choses the most unhelpful advisors for themselves.James I choose the Duke of Buckingham, for the most idiotic reason; because he was good looking. James thought that the Public would be attracted to this reason, but unfortunately were not, as Buckingham came out to be very stupid and a waste of choice. Charles also foolishly chose his advisor, by selecting his best friend the Earl of Strafford, which was a he mistake as he public hated him, which led to a bad impression on the king. Another action that Gave Charles a bad impression was the amount of money that was wasted by him, by spending a hefty amount on insignificant things, such as cloths, parties and palaces.But this meant that Charles was continuously losing his money, and therefore, always ended up asking Parliament for more money. Charles found other ways to get more money, as he also need money for a war taking place against Spain at the time. One way Charles’s used was asking Parliament to increase taxes, s o that he could gain the money he needed, but unfortunately this didn’t happen as Parliament refused to give the money to Charles, as Parliament had a list of demand to get more power off the King.But Charles did not take any of this, as he would not allow his power to be destroyed and taken away by Parliament, and in a terrible rage of anger he made the simple decision to shut down Parliament in 1629 for 11 years, which changed England politically, as it meant that there was now less control over England, to guide its path! making this decisions also lead to consequences, as now that Parliament was gone, he needed to depend another resort to get more money.In 1635, Charles decided made a very important economic decision to resort to the ancient custom of demanding ship money. Ship money was an ancient tax, when kings were able to order coastal towns and villages to pay for the expenses of the navy and ships. However, Charles demanded more ship tax the following year, and int ended to ask for it every year. But this gained Charles a vast amount of complaints. Especially when in 1637, a man named John Hampden was prosecuted for refusing to pay ship tax. This made people very angry. And eventually in July 1641 ship tax was abolished.

The True Science in Politics - 2197 Words

The True Science in Politics Benjamin Bishins subconstituency theory of representation is supported with the empirical evidence that Larry Bartels provides from his book, of which Bartels evaluates social equality and its relationship with the American government, to Bishins observations. Ideas, such as hidden minority rule, activism, visibilitys true impact on the average voter, and ideological and social groups, that Bishin describes are supported by Bartels findings; these findings being senators responsiveness to income groups, citizens knowledge, and voting actions and more. Bishins book, Tyranny of the Minority, develops the Subconstituency theory of representation that counteracts the leading theory of representation,†¦show more content†¦For a thought experiment to mirror this, a supporting father of a gay son who also had no daughter in California of 2008 was more likely to show at the voting both for no on prop 8 than yes on prop 4. Bartels data collected about t he estate tax repeal in 2001 can have the Subconstituency theory applied correctly to it in a similar manner. The EGTTRA included many tax cuts, with the estate tax being a relatively modest and unimportant one, but public support for the repeal yielded around a 45% opinion of strongly favoring repeal of the estate tax depending on the word games that were played (Bartels 199). Moreover, those majorities who simply and strongly favored the repeal, which ranged from 60-70%, mostly were people who were not going to be affected by this political act, and/or had a political ideology that should be opposed to the repeal (201). Michael J. Graetz and Ian Shapiro, whom Bartels uses their work for character evidence, came to the conclusion that this was an issue of morality, and not economic ideology (214). The surprising and confusing part was to see that even though the public has had this type of thought as a majority since at least 1935, in which a study by Fortune magazine held a s urvey about inheritance rights, and of all demographics agreed as a majority that there should be noShow MoreRelatedIs Politics A Science?1058 Words   |  5 PagesIs politics a science in the first place? Numerous scholars believe politics is too normative to be considered a â€Å"Science† and that the generalizations made in science cannot be implemented in politics, furthermore, some say it is more of an art than science. Aristotle described politics as the â€Å"Master Science† as it relates to all other disciplines such as economy and philosophy. Personally I had my doubts in the beginning of the course of how much science can be in politics and if it is truly aRead MorePlato and Platipus1186 Words   |  5 Pagesunderestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science wit h the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because many world leaders have tried toRead MoreA Career as a Political Scientist Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause it’s something I would want to do for the rest of my life. Politics has a great role in American society. As a political scientist you make the people’s voices heard and help up hold the foundations of democracy; whether that is as an elected official, or as an analyst helping senators make key decisions on a bill about to pass in their state, Political scientists make a difference. History The beginning of western politics goes back to the â€Å"Socrates† philosophers; which consists of PlatoRead MorePolitics And Progress : The Emergence Of American Political Science1013 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Progress: The Emergence of American Political Science by Dennis Mahoney is an account of the origins of contemporary political science in the Progressive Movement. In the book, Mahoney, attempts to show how American political science came to be due to the influence of three different factors. The first factor is German Historicism and its allgemeine Staatslehre, or general State theory. The second factor is philosophical pragmatism and the final factor is political Progressivism. MahoneyRead MoreLa Flor de Un Sexenio by Jennifer Rae Accettola: Article Analysis1389 Words   |  6 PagesSubject: Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Mexico Accettola, Jennifer Rae.La Flor De Un Sexenio: Women in Contemporary Mexican Politics. Tulane University, 1995. Print. Accettola’s analysis examines the place of Mexican women in Mexican Politics using case study related research, interviews and alternate literature. In the analysis Accettola uses a variation of 283 female politicians who have participated in Mexican government at elite levels and echelons; â€Å"just belowRead MorePolitical Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes1396 Words   |  6 PagescenteriPolitics should be the application of the science Of man to the construction of the community Explain this remark and discuss what reasons there might be for thinking it is not true/i/centerbrbrIn this essay I intend to examine the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, and attempt to explain why their ideas prove that it is not possible to construct a science of man.brbrI will also briefly mentionRead More Political Correctness Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesSecond, I will show you that political co rrectness is political and how it became a political ideology. Lastly, I shall discuss why this ideology does not work. Political correctness is cultural Marxism. Marx, as cited in Introduction to Social Science course guide, believed that if people were left to work on their own they would be more efficient. He had an ideological belief that laborers could actually want to work hard without being forced to. Political correctness as noted by Lind (www.universityRead MoreSimon Hixs The European Union1519 Words   |  7 Pageswell-known academic, who researches the European Union and has written a variety of books on the European Union. He addresses how it functions and the problems that are associated with it. Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Politics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a politicalRead MoreThe Best Laid Plan By Terry Fallis1351 Words   |  6 P agesAchieving success in your life with many obstacles to overcome, is a way which one can only describe as a sense of gratification and enlightenment. The Best Laid Plan is a satirical novel based around Canadian politics that shows us the unravelling events that occur between the main characters Angus McLintock and Daniel Addison. Having many different problems being apparent, they overcome it in the end and achieve success which is the theme that’s most prevalent. One word to describe this is â€Å"determination†Read MoreSimon Hix s The European Union1519 Words   |  7 Pageswell-known academic, who researches the European Union and has written a variety of books on the European Union. He addresses how it functions and the problems that are associated with it. Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Politics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a political