The Language Codes Identified By Basil Bernstein - 1311 Words

Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider the cultural context in which the speaker emerges, teachers must understand the implications arising from such circumstances, and how they present in the classroom. Socio-cultural factors such as religion, sex and social class, play a significant role in developing a student’s ability to perceive and use language effectively. Renowned theorists Lee Vygotsky, placed an enormous value on students learning from competent social relationships (O’Donnell et al. 2016, 101). Through exploring different language codes identified by†¦show more content†¦4). Language is therefore seen as more than a tool to communicate. Language is an identity used distinctly by different groups to recognise people with parallel values and beliefs who share simila r qualities. Vygotsky explains cognitive development as a ‘socially mediated activity’ which occurs during social interaction (O’Donnell et al. 2016. p. 101). By providing us with this description, Vygotsky is reinforcing the fundamental role our social settings play in contributing to student’s overall development. Gee explains an important factor of why he believes some student s do not succeed in the classroom. A Discourse, as illustrated by Gee is a network of people that shares a similar way of using language, of valuing, acting and thinking, these traits make the group easily identifiable (Green, 2006. p.3). While there are many benefits of belonging to a group, Children can be identified as failures if the Discourse is unfamiliar to them. All cultures are diverse in one aspect or another, many have different beliefs, ideologies and rules which helps us identify different groups (Lawrence, J.A., Brooker, A., Goodnow, J.J 2012 p. 77) . Unfortunately, being raised in certain cultures can negatively impact students’ performance in the classroom. Schooling embodies the ‘dominant culture’ which outlines the rules and defines the important concepts (Poplin, 1993, p.246). DisadvantageShow MoreRelatedAssess the View That the Working Class Underachievement in School Is Because of Home Circumstances.1202 Words   |  5 Pages Basil Bernstein identified two forms of speech pattern, the restricted code and the elaborate code. The restricted code is a kind of shorthand speech. In comparison, in the elaborated code, meanings are made explicit, explanations are provided and details are spelt out. According to Bernstein, most middle class children have been socialised in both the restricted and elaborated code s whereas many working class children are limited to the restricted code. As teachers use the elaborated code, workingRead MoreThe Influence of Social Class on Communication2091 Words   |  9 PagesC.A.] and Post Codes where social class can be a rough indicator and may be used for advertising and marketing purposes. Names in society tend to be fashionable and children are often named after popular celebrities in the media such as Kylie, Emily, Beyonce, William, Jamie. For other people a name may be one that is traditionally handed down through generations such as Bill and Jimmy and be linked to social class and help to denote someones age or even religion. Basil Bernstein (1924-2000) attemptedRead MoreAssignment One. â€Å"To View Language As Though It Were An1794 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment One â€Å"to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider theRead More A discussion of the theory that class-based differences in educational1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthough use of language, ensuring that working class students will be less likely to understand and be understood. This disadvantages working class students, and by creating educational success and failure, legitimises the position of both those at the bottom and top. Basil Bernstein pointed the different speech codes used by the middle and working classes, the ‘restricted code’, which is context bound and requires previous common knowledge between users, and the ‘elaborated code’ which is notRead MoreWhat Is Language Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its Creation And Use1499 Words   |  6 PagesTo make language devoid of the social context of its creation and use is to dislocate it from which it derives its meanings. Thus ridding it of its use with the only benefit of understanding what it is made up of. However, understanding what language is made of and understanding how to use it are two different things, neither of which will give you a complete understanding of language on its own. Using Gardner’s analogy of language being like a fish you dissect as well as observe within its habitatRead MoreHow Does Social Inequality Effect A Child s Educational Achievement?2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe Youth Cohort Study (2007) it shows that middle class children on average perform better than working class children. This is because the poorest and most disadvantaged homes are the ones that achieve the lowest results. This problem has been identified as a policy concern for all three major political parties in the United Kingdom (UK). In December 2007, the government published a plan called ‘Building brighter futures’it has been designed to eradicate child poverty and social division. Ed ballsRead MoreTransformative and Instrumental Views on Education in Australia2769 Words   |  12 Pageshigher socioeconomic status. According to Raewyn Connell et. al., ideology is used for and by â€Å"†¦those in power to maintain and reinforce their positions† (2013, pp. 82). An example of this reinforcement of control can be seen in Basil Bernstein’s Speech Codes Theory. Bernstein had a great interest in the sociolinguistic characteristics of people and how it reflected in their education process. In his study of the relationship between social class and schooling, he surmised that those with a formal orRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesEssex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageseconomy? Arguments that the new migrants are different and less able to assimilate than those in earlier waves often point to the rise in transnational connections and ease of return travel, the expansion of dual citizenship, the prevalence of home-language media, stronger ethnic and racial differences, the emergence of segregated labor markets that block advancement, and the illegal status of many migrants.69 Most of these arguments rest on weak historical foundations. In nations where assimilationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information Overload 353 †¢ Emotions 353 †¢ Language 354 †¢ Silence 354 †¢ Communication Apprehension 355 †¢ Lying 355 Global Implications 356 Cultural Barriers 356 †¢ Cultural Context 357 †¢ A Cultural Guide 358 Summary and Implications for Managers 360 S A L S A L Self-Assessment Library

Socioeconomic Status And The Prediction Of Morbidity And...

There have been many studies conducted on socioeconomic status and the prediction of morbidity and mortality. It tends to have a huge affect on how individuals maintain their everyday lives. â€Å"Socioeconomic status (SES) is often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group. When viewed through a social class lens, privilege, power, and control are emphasized. Furthermore, an examination of SES as a gradient or continuous variable reveals inequities in access to and distribution of resources. SES is relevant to all realms of behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education, and advocacy† (American Psychological Association, 2014). A person’s socioeconomic status includes variables that impact their susceptibility to contracting certain diseases, some of those variables including their income, occupation, and education. For example, someone who lives in a low income area may not have enough money to supply their everyday needs. That individual may only have enough money to eat what they can afford and not eat healthier foods (sometimes higher priced), which could lead to future health problems. Another example would be someone who has minimal education. There is a huge gap between an individual with a bachelor’s degree and someone with only a high school diploma. As we all know, earnings increase with the amount of education one has, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Climate Change On Community Health2283 Words   |  10 Pagesbetter idea of what to do to address climate change. Hazard identification. The identified hazard is climate change. Climate change can lead to many health problems, including but not limited to respiratory diseases, cancer, heat-related morbidity and mortality, mental health problems, and vectorborne, zoonotic, and waterborne diseases. Climate change affects everyone, but it disproportionately affects low-income communities, communities of color, children, and the elderly. Climate change is alsoRead MoreObesity : A Major Factor That Affects The Health Of The Local Population Essay2256 Words   |  10 Pages disability defines as the cause of some factors such as physical, mental or sensory impairment that affects to perform their daily activities (Larkin,2011). Obesity may result to disability due to increased body weight and other associated co-morbidities factors. People with disabling conditions such as arthritis, disease of the muscle and bones(joints) affects their diet and physical activities that may lead for being obese. Health Inequalities and its impact on obesity A number of factors canRead Moreunit 73688 Words   |  15 Pagesto the researcher subjectivity, influence of personal biases, and required experience for coding and analyzing the data. Data analysis is more time consuming than quantitative data analysis which pose greater difficulty in making quantitative predictions that may influence credibility (Johnson, 2008). The combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods in mixed methods strategy of inquiry can be advantageous to the researchers when the strengths of the individual approaches andRead MoreIHI Questions and Answers Essay4950 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Post-Lesson Assessment Assessment Review Status Question    1) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), how could at least half a million deaths due to surgical error be prevented every year? Your Answer:b) By implementing systemic changes in operating rooms Correct Answer:b) By implementing systemic changes in operating rooms At least half a million deaths per year could be prevented with effective implementation of systemic improvements in operating rooms.  Specifically, multiple studiesRead MoreCongenital Heart Disease ( Chd )3504 Words   |  15 Pagesexamined extensively by comparing age, socioeconomic factors, parental vs. child perspective, neurocognitive and psychosocial factors, severity of illness and frequency of treatment interventions, and the role that resilience plays in influencing QOL. QOL has been defined as the overall satisfaction with life, either positively or negatively influenced by psychosocial and/or physical variables, which the individual perceives to be important, including health status, psychological functioning, and mattersRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 Pagessection 11). Although drug abuse is common among all age groups, it occurs more frequently among young adults. Increases were noted in illicit drug demand in most countries in the Amer icas and in eastern Europe, where it was attributed to the socioeconomic crisis affecting these regions and, in particular, high unemployment. Opening European borders between East and West also facilitated contact and communication between traffickers as well as others, increasing the number of transit routes for drugsRead MoreEffects of Vigorous and Moderate Exercise on Health-Related Outcomes10786 Words   |  43 Pagesgreatly reduced for men than women. The appropriate level of physical activity that helps to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in men is 1,000 kilocalories per week. This same levels of physical activity is associated with a 20% reduction in mortality of men(Hu et al., 2004). A study conducted by Haskell (2003) showed that risk of cardiovascular disease is a multifactor process and is not only associated with regular sports and exercising. The other factors include eating a heart-healthy dietRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 PagesCalamities Terrorist Attacks/Sabotage Impact of Chemical Disasters Major Chemical Accidents in India Aims and Objectives of the Guidelines 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 Present Status and Context Regulatory Framework and Codes of Practises Institutional Framework and Compliance Institutional Framework Compliance Other Technical Activities/Initiatives Initiatives in Installations Initiatives in Storages Initiatives in the RoadRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pageseconomic growth, by investing in infrastructure, promoting skills development and the service sector, and mainstreaming private sector development and modernizing agriculture; b) Slowdown population growth, through reducing infant mortality, promoting family planning and education outreach programs, improving the quality of healthcare and schooling; PITT Management Resources Page 14 of 176 Investment Appraisal Training Manual for Public Projects c) Tackle extreme povertyRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthe right to direct and control their subordinates’ behavior to achieve organizational goals. 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Ethics And Religion Ethics - 1045 Words

Ethics and Religion There is definitely a connection between ethics and religions. However, the majority of religions moral responsibilities are generated by their gods; or god, they worship. In other words, religious individuals believe they must live by these set ethical rules provided by the higher power in order to be a good person. Yet, Buddhism worships no god, nor does atheist, still both can live a good life, and be a good person; with ethical standards, and without believing in a god. Ethics can be defined as â€Å"a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong† (Merriam-Webster, 2016). Whereas religion is defined as, â€Å"a personal set of institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This was one of King’s passions in life, the freedom and unity of all humans, for every man and woman to be treated equally. The injustice of how the black were being mistreated was not only illegal, but immoral, therefore affecting many of those who had been oppressed in the US. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† (King, 2006). Due to the continuous behavior of the white townspeople; in Birmingham, King agreed to be part of the protest in the stance for equal rights of the black townspeople. King stating â€Å"whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly† (King, 2006). Basically if the injustice by the discrimination of blacks was allowed , or tolerated, then the horrific tortures, and deaths happening would be felt for miles. A human’s life, no matter their color should never be murdered, isolated, or tortured because of their differences. Furthermore, Birmingham officials had accused the black protesters of civil disobedience, a violent intent, in addition to being untimely. Kings response to these accusations were an example of Judeo-Christian ethics, which is a mixture of Judaism and Christian beliefs. â€Å"The sense of mission is why more Americans have died for the liberty of others than any other nation’s soldiers† (Prager, 2004). In other words, King defended the accusations of civil disobedience by explaining how segregation was more of a sinful punishment, as well as a politically, and morally wrong act

A Long Way Gone Theme free essay sample

Junior, Tallow, and I listened to rap music, trying to memorize the lyrics so that we could avoid thinking about the situation at hand. Naughty by Nature, AL Cool J, Run- D. M. C. , and Heavy D The Boozy; we had left home with only these cassettes and the clothes that we wore. I remember sitting on the verandah listening to Now That We Found Love by Heavy D The Boozy and watching the trees at the edge of town that reluctantly moved to the slow wind. (15). L took off my old pants, which contained the rap cassettes.As I was putting on my new army shorts, a soldier took my old pants and threw them Into a blazing fire that ad been set to burn our old belongings. I ran toward the fire, but the cassettes had already started to melt. Tears formed in my eye, and my lips shook as I turned away. We will write a custom essay sample on A Long Way Gone: Theme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (110). L began to look forward to Esters arrival in the afternoons. I sang for her the parts of songs I had memorized that day. Memorizing lyrics left my little time to think about what had happened In the war.As I grew comfortable with Esther, I talked to her mainly about Bob Marbles lyrics and Run-D. M. C. s. Too. (163) One of the themes present in A Long Way Gone is music and how it impacts peoples Houghton, emotions, character, and their overall lives. It also underlies the idea of music being a distraction from the hardships and rough patches people go through. In the first selection, Junior, Tallow. And Shame try to memorize lyrics to rap music In order to avoid thinking about the situation at hand.The situation being the war and the reality of knowing the rebels would soon invade their village. In the second selection, Shame is deeply saddened (Tears formed in my eye, and my lips shook as I turned away. ) that his cassettes have been destroyed, as they were a symbol of his holding and his life before the war and chaos. In the last selection, Shame once again uses music as a distraction, which left him little time to think about what happened In the war, as the Images were obviously horrifying to say the least.All of these excerpts show the deferent ways that music can be used as an outlet, or a distraction from negative thoughts and ideas, similar to the way people use art as an outlet. Not only do people use music as an outlet, but also as a way to take pride in their culture. The same Is true today, as many people listen to music native to their mom country, state, or city. For example, people of Latino descent often listen to music by Latino artists like Shakier, Carols Santa, and Unripe Gallerias.The majority of the artists that Shame listens to throughout the book come from African backgrounds, and he is fascinated by the fact that the black men can rap in English so fast and with the beat. People all over the world use music as an outlet for their thoughts, or a way to distract themselves from a tough situation they might be going through. Music has an overall positive connotation throughout the novel, and this appreciated.